Theology of Grace - 852 Words

Theology of Grace There are many different ways to interpret the theology of grace. In this paper, I will be discussing four major theologians who have the most popular insights on grace. These theologians include Augustine, Aquinas, Luther, and Rahner who all have their own unique perspective on grace. All of their theories seem to intertwine with one another but each individual one has a different twist that makes them slightly different. The first theologian I’m going to discuss is Augustine. Augustine was known as the ‘Father of Grace.’ He believed that all human nature is in disorder due to universal sin of Adam and Eve. According to Augustine, sin is passed on by sexual acts, even if a married couple engaged in sexual†¦show more content†¦He thought that grace is forgiveness of god in which salvation comes through God. Trust of God was expressed in God’s merciful love. Luther believed that a merciful god would deliver anyone from the evil they did. Only by the grace of God can forgiveness of sin be achieved. Even after you are graced, you are still partly a sinner. He believed that you could not merit grace and could not learn grace through works, it is all given. Grace is totally undeserved and only through God’s choice can you be graced. Lastly is Rahner, who was a Neo-Thomist and a student of Aquinas. Rahner believed in the supernatural existential and obediential potency meaning that as we’re born we have the ability and capacity to receive the love of God. He said that grace was God’s self-communication in love. Also, grace is not an extra addition to human nature. â€Å"Karl Rahner developed a theology that views grace as the offer of God’s love that is intrinsic to existent human nature (pg. 1).† He believed that you can either accept or reject the honor of grace. â€Å"According to Rahner, human beings ‘freely choose to ratify or to reject that orien tation which is itself the free gift of a loving God, but the orientation remains structured into their being (pg. 2).† You’re only free when you love. If you decide to love then you are authentic but if you decide not to love then you are disgraced. Rahner believed that like God, we can know and canShow MoreRelatedOrganizing Wesleyans Postion of Inquiries and my Panorama Theology1167 Words   |  5 PagesMy Theology II I do not believe that my theology has changed very much on the contrary it has fortified even more. It is interesting about the Wesleyan’s position of theology among the other queries.. Wesleyan’s position of the inquiries of theology, nature or essence of God, sin, Jesus Christ, Salvation and Grace. In this paper, I will try to organize Wesleyan’s position of inquiries and my panorama theology. Wesleyan position Theology Wesleyan believes that people who are created new in ChristRead MoreTheologians : Sallie Mc Fague And Thomas Torrance1266 Words   |  6 Pagesone mythological, Thomas F. Torrance and Sallie McFague. At the heart of all of Torrance’s theology is the truth of the Trinity. It is foundational to all of his work. For him, the ultimate purpose of theology is knowing God in a personal way that involves both head and heart. He felt we must be faithful to Scripture’s logic. (Torrance, 2008). Torrance was also interested in the interface between theology and science. He considered his method â€Å"depth exegesis, and† attempted to avoid dualism, believingRead MoreThe Lifelong Goal Of Saint Thomas Aquinas1692 Words   |  7 Pagesindependence of philosophy and theology, but at the same time show their symbiotic relationship with each other. Throughout his life Aquinas was known as a theologian but many of his works carry strong philosophical undertones as well. The beauty of theology is it can enlighten us through its leap of faith. Philosophy was required to precede theology. The truths laid down from philosophy are concrete and coherent. These philosophical truths are the shoes in which theology can walk. Without philosophyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1444 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are contrasted by some members of society, specifically those who think that faith and reason can never coincide. Other peo ple, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. 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Lonergan, Method in Theology, 338. â€Å"Intellectual conversion is †¦ the elimination of †¦ [t]he myth is that knowing is like looking, that objectivity is seeing what is there to be seen and not seeing what is not there, and that the real is what is out there now to be looked at. †¦ Moral conversion changes the criterion of one’s decisions and choices from satisfactions to values. †¦ Religious conversion is being grasped by ultimateRead MoreJohn Wesley s Sermons And The Theologies That He Holds1323 Words   |  6 PagesResponsible Grace was a book that was designed to speak about John Wesley’s sermons and the theologies that he holds. â€Å"Wesley’s convictions about revelation appear to be more in line with early Greek perspectives than with later Western theology. They usually assumed that there was a continuing (weakened) influence of the grace of creation even after the Fall† (pg. 28-29). In our group discussion, we talked a bout this book emphasizing John Wesley’s practical theology and how it applies to lifeRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1433 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are put at odds by some members of society, those who think that faith and reason are opposites and can never coincide. Others, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. And just as intellectuals of our Church today support the relationship which is otherwise seen as faith and reason, so too did the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure reinforce it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own differentRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Original Sin1537 Words   |  7 PagesUncontestably, Augustine is the most prominent and influential church father, for the Western Church. As the last of the ancient Christian writers, his theology not only formulated medieval scholarship; conversely, Augustine considerably impacted the the ology of the Protestant Reformation. Regarding original sin and hamartiology, Augustine is the fountainhead, for both Protestant and Roman Catholic’s; however, he was not the originator of the doctrine. Depicting humankind’s solidarity with AdamRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Salvation And Grace1327 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement The purpose of this thesis is to provide an understanding of the meaning of Soteriology and the relation to the Doctrine of Salvation and Grace (Free Grace). Soteriology is â€Å"the study of the doctrine of salvation.† Basically, the teaching of Soteriology is part of Systematic Theology. This paper will approach each aspect of God Divine decrees, from a biblical standpoint and His plan of salvation. The working of God’s plan includes three periods in time: †¢ Eternity Past †¢ Earth’sRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Renewal 1055 Words   |  5 Pagesof forcing out evil from within someone by any means necessay, the invitation to a banquet images a welcoming of the other to come into one’s own space. The image is non-coercive and establishes the freedom of the other. From this text, Firmicus’ theology of conversion affirms salvation as an open offer extended from Christ. In the most creative section of De errore, Firmicus writes a speech personified as the sun assembling all human beings together before itself. The aim of the sun’s corrective

The Influence Of The Church - 1369 Words

The Influence of The Church in Our Country Today: Impacting A Nation: The Influence of The Church in Our Country Today. In 1 Corinthians 10:31, Paul states the position of the church best: â€Å"So whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God.† This scripture is an accurate depiction of how the church teaches its followers. Observing the mechanics of how our nation runs, a person can see that religion is the fabric that touches each facet of our country. Three areas where the influence of the church is easily identifiable is government, education, and society. Christian morals and beliefs have had a dramatic influence on the development of our nation’s government. The United States government makes laws, based on Christian beliefs that directly affect the nation in its entirety, each citizen, and many areas in between. Throughout the history of this nation, the church has been an influence for the basis of all the groundwork for the governmental processes. In his sermon, Sewall S. Cutting continually speaks of, â€Å"why beliefs that Christians hold as true will positively influence how both the government and slavery are handled† (Cutting). Christians believe, and are taught by the church, that each person, regardless of social status, race, culture, or age, is equal is God’s eyes. Therefore, each person should be treated with the same dignity and respect as the next. Additionally, in today’s style of government, many Christian beliefs areShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of the Plague on the Church671 Words   |  3 Pageseffective response to the disease, and limiting the allotment of the financial growth of the lower class, preventing them from gaining societal power, as well as increased suspicion concerning the power of the Church. Confusion and suspicion arose among followers of the church when the Church was powerless to stop this devastating diseases supposedly â€Å"sent from the heavens† (Petrach 41) . When praying and amending their sins didn’t cure themselves or their loved ones of the frightening disease, peopleRead MoreThe Influence Of The On The Church Of Corinth1711 Words   |   7 Pagesinterpretations of philosophers and theologians. Most of them imagined wisdom as an ideal form of human knowledge, desired and praised by all. Even the Corinthians were wisdom seekers. As a result, the â€Å"secular† Corinth heavily influenced the church in Corinth. The church encouraged attitudes associated with what would presently be called consumerism, postmodernism and audience pleasing rhetoric. 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Lewis served as a professor at Oxford university as well as an army officer during the First World War (BBC). Throughout his life, Lewis understood the importance of friendship through significant relationships within his own life. His mother died when he was ten, which caused him to grow closer to his older brother Warren. InRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Church Of Women1410 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsible for the oppression of women in Christianity. Throughout scripture, there is maternal imagery of God in relationship to their love for children, compassion, and ability to provide for others; thus, proving the significance of wo men in the church. Without Mothers, the humankind would not exist. Per Christian belief, God is responsible for the presence of all creatures: â€Å"the survival of others depends on her initiative and her industry† (Johnson 100). Mothers create children just as GodRead MoreSeparation of Church and State and the Influence of Religion into Politics2114 Words   |  8 Pages Separation of Church and State and the influence of Religion into Politics The subject of religion in politics has become a transcendental topic, which exacerbates passions and emotions among men and women especially when the debate is placed. These topics must be treated with precision, because tensions tend to heat it up very rapidly. People tend to argue, discuss, fight, resist and demonstrate their position on behalf of their religious and political beliefs. In the United States of America,Read MoreThe Influence of Ther Catholic Church on Iriish Social Policy1740 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy This essay examines the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy. This essay will focus on the Church’s role as a provider of charity. 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Some Factors That Lead to Success in College free essay sample

Several factors contribute to school success. A persons experience with education early in life has a great influence on school success later on. It is vital that infants and toddlers have access to quality education from day one. The socioeconomic status in which one is raised has an immense effect on school success. Wealthier children have access to greater, high-quality facilities and resources while poorer children often lack the basic necessities such as proper nutrition and quality education. It is important to note that each child also contributes their own contributions to their success in school. There are cases of people who rose out of extreme poverty to achieve great academic success. Exceptional Teachers Exceptional teachers provide students with maximum encouragement, motivation, challenges and belief in themselves. Teachers who believe their students are capable of the classwork help create a self-fulfilling prophecy. The student will begin to hold the same belief of themselves and act on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Some Factors That Lead to Success in College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is therefore vital that teachers, parents and caregivers send the right message to students. Students need to know that their teachers, parents and caregivers believe in them and that they are capable of academic success. Exceptional teachers create a classroom culture of high expectations. They do not hold preconceived notions about particular students but believe that all of their students are capable of reaching academic success. Parental Involvement Parental involvement is extremely important to a students academic success. Children spend most of their time at home and the environment a student comes from determines their start of academic success. If a students home is rich in books, that early exposure to literacy will usually mean a student starts reading early. Parents who are actively involved in their childrens education ensure that their children are doing their homework. They also encourage their children to perform well in school and speak to them about the importance of receiving an education. When parents show an interest in their childrens education this in turn sparks an interest in their children to learn. Self-Motivation Intrinsic motivation or self-motivation is another important element leading to school success. Self-motivation assumes that we are all born with the capability to learn and that learning can be an enjoyable process. Students who are self-motivated have disciplined themselves to concentrate on a task for the mere result of learning and mastering the needed skill. Students become self-motivated for many reasons. For some being self-motivated to achieve academic success will help them rise out of poverty, for others it will allow them to get into a specific college or receive an academic scholarship. Students who have a high self-esteem have a strong sense of self-motivation as they believe they are capable of academic success. Nutrition Students who eat breakfast regularly perform better academically than those who do not. Poor nutrition can have consequences such as cavities, obesity, weak bones and teeth, as well as delayed sexual maturity. Poor nutrition is defined as not eating the recommended daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Parents and teachers need to play close attention to the types of foods children eat as lack of vitamins can have severe consequences. Hobbies Self-esteem and social skills can be taught simply by encouraging students to take part in a hobby. By encouraging students to take part in a hobby builds competence in a certain skill. A hobby also allows students to build a sense of identity. Hobbies also keep a student from becoming bored. Hobbies also leave room for students to receive praises for their achievements. Read more: Factors That Lead to School Success | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/about_5387053_factors-lead-school-success. html#ixzz1Uc85N1gw

Wolof Language in Africa

Introduction Over seven million people spreading across three West African states including Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania is currently speaking Wolof. In fact, Wolof is deemed one of the most significant languages originating from Niger-Kordofan group of dialects set up by Greenberg. In Senegal, Wolof is widely spoken and perceived as the national language besides French.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wolof Language in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The estimates are that over eighty percent of Senegalese speak Wolof. The language is divided into various dialects ranging from Baol to Lebou. According to (Gamble 25), the number of Wolof speakers are rising given the fact that majority of the communities within Senegal, Gambia and part of Mauritania are using the language in their socio-economic and political undertakings. Moreover, the language plays a critical role in the socio-economic and p olitical levels of the communities. In other words, the language is used in social, political and economic settings particularly in Senegal. Even though most of the speakers of the language are from diverse dialects, they are communally comprehensible (Campbell 341). The history of the Wolof language Historians argue that Wolof language came from Tekrur kingdom. Tekrur was one of the territories found in ancient Ghana. The Wolof language is considered the framework of the Senegalese ethnic communities. Moreover, Wolof is believed to have close relationship with Serer and Pulaar, the major languages originating from the north of Senegal (Garry and Rubino 445). Wolof, Serer and Pulaar are said to have over the years separated due to social, political and economic changes. As such, the three languages have various similarities in dialect and practical terms. Most historians assert that Wolof language branched out from Serer. In fact, Serer and Wolof are similar in all the foreign eleme nts. In addition, historians point out that Wolof, Serer and Pulaar are linked heritably and culturally (Ruhlen 129). Further, historians assert that the three major and related languages might have originated from ancient Egypt. Further, other historians relate Wolof to Mandinka community of Djolof Mbing. In fact, the theory asserts that Wolof originated from a small village known as â€Å"lof† established by Mandinka, Djolof Mbing. The â€Å"lof† residents were later called â€Å"waa-lof†. The historians belonging to the school of thought believe that the name â€Å"waa-lof† later evolved to be Wolof (Gamble 25). As such, the â€Å"waa-lof† people later expanded to be Wolof speaking communities or the language group. The reason is that the â€Å"waa-lof† and Wolof is similar in cultures and dialects. The other similarities the historians cite include political systems, lifestyle and the belief systems. The relationship in the form of cultu ral norms and dialect prove the theory that Wolof language originated from the ancient Mandinka village of ‘lof†.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Currently, the Wolof speaking communities have spread in most part of Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. Moreover, Wolof is deemed one of the sub-branches of the larger Niger-Congo language families occupying West Atlantic Region (Grimes 111). In Senegal, the Wolof is widely spoken majorly on both sides along river Senegal from the north to lower parts including Podor, Richard-Toll and Saint-Louis. In Gambia, the communities speaking the language are majorly found along river Gambia. Moreover, the language is spread above the Senegal River mainly in Mauritania, Guinea and Guinea Bissau (Comrie 219). The presence of Senegalese in foreign countries particularly in France enables the language to have some of the foreign dial ects. The presence of the foreign language and education has enabled Wolof to evolve into form of new dialect though majorities still maintain the original vernacular. The existing borrowings and relation to other languages As indicated, the language is widely spread in terms of geographical area resulting into variations in dialect. The differences in dialect is also associated with the influence other languages have on Wolof particularly French, which is widely spoken in West Africa. However, the variations in dialect do not affect the comprehension of the language (Garry and Rubino 445). Moreover, most of the original vernacular is maintained. In whole sentence, the borrowed word can only be one, which is even rare. In other words, in a whole sentence, only one word may differ from one place to another. The borrowings from other languages are not common. Further, the distinctions in dialects are insignificant since such dialectical variation cannot prevent other people from under standing the verbal communication. Essentially, the mutual intelligibility is highly maintained among the Wolof speaking communities (Grimes 111). However, wide variation is observed in Wolof language spoken in urban and rural areas. The variations originate from the pressure of modernization in urban centers where majority interact with various languages and the maintenance of the original vernacular in the rural areas. Some of the terms are frequently used in the rural areas as opposed to urban centers where foreign borrowed dialects are common (Ruhlen 134). In other words, some terms are specific to the rural dialect. People living in the downtown cannot understand such terms. Similarly, some dialects are specific to urban areas and are commonly borrowed from foreign languages particularly French. For instance, words such as â€Å"Jatan† and â€Å"Naaf† are common in rural areas while words including â€Å"Garaas† and â€Å"oto† commonly used in urban areas are borrowed from French words â€Å"Garage† and â€Å"Automobile†. Further, the increased rate of modernity and influence in education exert more pressure on urban dwellers. As a result, the urban dwellers constantly create new words and use many French borrowings, which are directly related to political, economic and social transformations existing in urban centers. On the contrary, the rural dwellers are quite conservative and use dialects that are ignored or disregarded in modern cities (Gamble 25).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wolof Language in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The interactions with the French language has also led to differences in some terms such as toilet which is referred to â€Å"douche† in town while in rural areas, the original term â€Å"wanag† is used. The contacts Wolof has with other languages also have influence in some areas s uch as in Saint Louis. The city of Saint Louis, being near Mauritania, has borrowed the term â€Å"Kaudir† meaning pan, which the rest of Senegalese Wolof communities term â€Å"Cin†. The regional diversity also contributes to the Wolof dialectical differences. The reason explains the differences observed in Senegalese Wolof dialects from the Gambian Wolof languages. The changes in the Gambian Wolof dialects are influenced by English language given the fact that Gambia is a former British colony. The influence of English is not obvious in Senegalese Wolof dialects as opposed to French (Grimes 113). The English borrowings are only common with hip-hop singers in Senegal. In Gambia, English language greatly influenced the Wolof dialects where coined English are replacing some terms. The recent changes in Wolof language related to technological innovations Even though technological advancement has little influence on the changes taking place within the Wolof language, few transformations have taken place particularly in terms and pronunciations. Advanced technology has also facilitated the borrowing of some terms. Terms that did not originally exist in Wolof dialect are now incorporated. In other words, technology has led to the creation of new terms (Gamble 25). The new terms have enriched the Wolof vocabulary particularly in urban centers. However, the advancement in technology has facilitated the rate of influence foreign languages have on Wolof dialects. Moreover, technological advancements result in differences of some terms used in particular urban areas as opposed to rural areas. For instance, in Dakar, where majority are educated and apply modern technological gadgets, common terms are being replaced with the French or English terminologies of the gadgets. From time to time, new words are being inserted in place of original terms in Wolof or words considered old-fashioned in urban areas (Campbell 341). For instance, the term â€Å"muus† originating from the mouse of a computer is constantly replacing the Wolof term â€Å"wundu† which is still being used in most areas. Even though there are changes resulting from technological advancements particularly in some terms, large transformations have not occurred.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wolof language and its chances for a change Wolof language has specific characteristics that differentiate it from other languages. Moreover, Wolof language has specific attributes that differentiate it from other national languages spoken in Senegal and Gambia where Wolof speaking communities are widely spread. One of the attributes is the role the language plays in society since it is the only vehicular language (Garry and Rubino 456). In other words, unlike other vernacular national languages, communities and not the whole population speak Wolof. In addition, everybody in social and political setting including the media uses Wolof. Further, the language is largely used within the economic domains particularly in commercial and urban centers (Gamble 25). Almost all commercial transactions in Senegal and Gambia are conducted in Wolof. The application of the language in social, political and economic settings increases the need to know and comprehend Wolof detriment to other languag es. One of the major characteristics of the Wolof language is persistence during the colonial era. The language did not change despite wide spread of the use of French and English (Comrie 224). In other words, Wolof language was not greatly influenced by the foreign colonial languages. The attribute distinguishes the language from other African languages that were victims of colonial influence. Despite widespread use of French language in West Africa and its influence on other African languages, Wolof dialects remained though with little borrowings. The characteristic contributes to little chances in the transformation of the language. Even though the chances of the language changing exist, it will take time before significant transformations are observed (Garry and Rubino 456). However, modes at which the language has borrowed words from other languages have increased in the recent past. In other words, the rate of transformation is likely to increase due to pressure from moderniza tion and education (Comrie 231). Moreover, modern technological advancements are also likely to increase the rate of transformation. Generally, modernity will be the major cause of transformation of the language. Conclusion Wolof is widely spoken across three West African states including Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. The language plays a critical role in the socio-economic and political levels of the communities. Even though most of the speakers of the language are from diverse dialects, they are communally comprehensible. Despite widespread use of French language in West Africa and its influence on other African languages, Wolof dialects remained though with little borrowings. The characteristic contributes to little chances in the transformation of the language. Works Cited Campbell, George. Compendium of the World’s Languages. London, Routledge, 2000. Print. Comrie, Benard. The World’s Major Languages. New York, Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Gamble, David . Elementary Gambian Wolof Grammar. Brisbane, CA, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 2001. Print. Garry, Jane and Carl Rubino. Facts about the World’s Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World’s Major Languages, Past and Present. New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 2001. Print. Grimes, Barbara. Ethnologue, Languages of the World. Dallas, TX, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 2009. Print. Ruhlen, Merritt. A Guide to the World’s Languages. London, Edward Arnold, 2007. Print. This research paper on Wolof Language in Africa was written and submitted by user MaryJaneWatson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.