Procedures regarding handling medication Essay

10.1 Describe the main points of agreed procedures bout handling medication 10.2 Identify who is responsible for medication in a social care setting. 10.3 Explain why medication must only be handles following specialist training 10.1 Describe the main points of agreed procedures about handling medication In the adult social care setting it is vital that when handling medications are involved, service providers must follow the organisational policies and procedures to the letter, as this is keeping in line with the law. It is important to acknowledge and be aware of your own limitations when it comes to handling medications; this ensures the safety of the service provider, service users and to others. When following the policies and procedures it is necessary to receive the appropriate level of training associated with handling medications this includes: storing, ordering, receiving, administration, the recording and the disposal of medication. It is vital that training is kept up to date on a regular basis in case of any changes in legislation or policies and procedures. It is also vital to only do what you are trained for and deemed competent to do so, working in line with the codes of conduct. In addition if there were any unsafe practices; for example, if a person asks you to distribute medication without training, then it is a must to report those unsafe practices to the manager immediately. Read more: Essay About  Administer Medication to Individuals and Monitor the Effects When dealing with the storage of medications it is vital to ensure that all organisational policies and procedures are followed. All medications should be stored under COSHH Regulations 2002; this is keeping in line with the law. It is important that medications should also be stored according to manufactures instructions in their original boxes and bottles with the tops on correctly, bottles are to be stored upright and clean from stickiness associated with medicines. Medications should be stored correctly in a locked cupboard, trolley or medicine fridge, with only the trained authorised personnel having access to the medications. It is important that trained authorised staff are aware of stock control, as too much medications can result in errors and that they have a used by date. If a service user wanted to self-medicate then they are to be given a locked cupboard or  drawer with their own key. This is only to be done following a risk assessment been completed prior to the agree ment. When dealing with the ordering of medications, all organisational policies and procedures must be followed when ordering them. The care home will have a 28 day cycle, as this helps to reduce the service user not having enough medication. Reordering medications begins on 14th day of the cycle so that time is given between prescriptions been requested and written, the prescription been checked then given to the pharmacist, then dispensed and double checked prior to giving them to the service user. It is also good practice to keep a copy of what has been ordered. Another good practice is to always keep good stock control, this means checking the stock before ordering to prevent over stocking, waste or error. If there is too much stock there is more of a chance that an error can be made because giving out of date medications could be harmful to the service user. When receiving medications, it is vital that it is checked. Medications need to be checked to see that it has the correct service user name on the label and the prescription. It also has to be checked that the quantity, strength and the form (e.g. tablet , medicine or capsule) are the same. The received medication needs to be checked against the prescription to ensure that it is a match. All medications has to be well documented keeping in line with policies and procedures. When the administration of medication is required it is an essential practice to be fully trained to the required level and be fully competent in this area, following all organisational policies and procedures. It is a must to gain the consent of the service user before administering any medication. It may also be necessary to use PPE as appropriate for example using gloves before apply lotions and creams to a service user. Before any medications are administered; it is essential to ensure that the right medications, right quantity, right form are administered to the right person and at the right time of day. It is vital that the trolley and medications are never left unattended, as anyone could come along and take medication from the trolley which could do serious harm to themselves or to others. When dealing with all aspects of handling medication it is essential that everything is recorded following the organisational policies and procedures. In the care setting is essential practice to have a Medication Administration Record (MAR) for each  individual service user which give details of which medicines are prescribed for the service user, when they must be given, what the dose, strength and form is as well as any special information, such as giving the medicines with food. The service provider must have a record of medicines currently prescribed for that person. These should be signed when they are given as individual doses or full packs if the person self-administers. It is also important to keep a record when a prescribed medicine has not been given, e.g. due to the service user’s refusal. The MAR can be a very useful tool for the Service provider to use to keep track of medicines that are not ordered every month but only taken occasionally. The service provider should use the MAR to record medicines carried over onto a new chart. The MAR should also be used to record when non-prescribed medicines are given, for example a paracetamol for a headache. When administering medications it is important to also record the information on to the service user’s personal care plan. When the need to dispose of medications arises it is vital that all policies and procedures are adhered to, as well as the manufactures instructions. Care home providers should keep records of medicines that have been disposed of, or are waiting for disposal. Medicines for disposal should be stored securely in a tamper-proof container within a cupboard until they are collected by an authorised waste management company or taken to the pharmacy for them to dispose of. 10.2 Identify who is responsible for medication in a social care setting. In the adult social care setting there are many people who need to understand their roles and responsibilities of those involved in supporting the use of medication. The most important person is the service user, as it is with their agreement that the service provider can administer their medication. The other people who are involved and are responsible are the service providers who are fully trained to the appropriate level and are competent in their job role to handle and administer medications. The Manager is also responsible for medication and providing the appropriate training for care workers in a social care setting. The Pharmacist also plays apart in the responsibility for medication, as it is their job to provide the correct medication that is been prescribed by the Doctor. 10.3 Explain why medication must be handled following specialist training. All medication must be handled following specialist training as it is in keeping with legislation and organisational policies and procedures. It also ensures that medications are administered correctly and safely to the right individual. By having the specialist training needed, the service providers concerned will know how to order, receive, store, administer, record and dispose of medication correctly. This protects the service users and themselves from any errors being made which could lead to an allergic reaction, if given to the wrong service provider, or an accidental overdose; which could prove fatal. Failing to have specialist training or allowing a person who hasn’t received this training is in breach of the law and could lead to disciplinary action which could lead to legal action.

Compare and Contrast Hrm and Ir Essay

Introduction There are various conceptions existing in the aspects of definition, academic boundaries and major functions of the fields of human resource management (HRM) and industrial relations (IR). The essay critically discusses the comparison and contrast on the key features of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in academic fields. On the base of review of the origins and transition of the tow subjects the paper will explore the general accepted definitions of the HRM and IR respectively. It will then go on to lay out theoretical dimensions of the two subjects, and looks at significant characteristics of HRM and IR. The last part assesses comparison and contrast between the two fields in the light of historical perspectives and literature review. Definition Transition of Human Resource Management The HRM terminology stems from the USA subsequences of human relations movement. In the counterpart, since the first British book on HRM published in the late 1980s, which was notably known as New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Storey 1989), there have been a large volume of published studies investigating the definition of HRM in diverse standing and approaches. Ackers (2003) provided a general term on the definition of HRM, ‘HRM refers to all those activities associated with the management of work and people in firms and in other formal orgaisations. Although it is conceptualised by involving the entire breadth of HRM studies, it should be embodied to specific nature and pattern of the subject. Sisson (1990) sees HRM of four aspects of employment practice: an integration of HR policies with business planning; a shift in responsibility for HR issues form personnel specialists to line managers; a shift from the collectivism of management and, finally, an emphasis on commitment has further understanding of HRM. According to the classic work edited by Storey J (2007), HRM is defined as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of culture,  structural and personnel techniques, which is a comprehensive understanding of HRM. Definition of Industrial Relations There is little doubt that Industrial Relations has become a subject of scholarly analysis since the end of the nineteenth century, when Sidney and Beatrice Webb (1984) couple published their classic series studies of the regulation of employment in Britain. Flanders (1965, 10) suggested, ‘The study of industrial relations may therefore be described as a study of the institutions of job regulation’, which prevailed for a time is beyond satisfaction of the academic study at present. The view that IR is the study of processes of control over work relations, and among these processes, those involving collective worker organization and action are of particular concern is more adaptable to generalise specific and precisely for the subject. (Hyman, 1975) Basic Theory of Human Resource Management In 1990, the launch of two influential journals, Human Resource Management Journal, edited by Keith Sisson at Warwick University, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, edited by Michael Poole at Cardiff facilitates the emergence of courses and models in HRM in universities and colleges. A large and growing body of literature has sprung up amongst which two notable theories is predominant leading, Fombrun et al’s (1984) matching model and the Harvard framework. Matching model focused on the connection between organizational strategy and HRM, in the meanwhile Frombrun et al divided HRM into four integral parts – selection, development, appraisal and reward stressing the significance of efficiency of work performance enhancement. Some commentators have even utilized the terms ‘high commitment’ policies to substitute for HRM (Marchington, 2005). On the other hand, the Harvard framework (Beer et al, 1985) involve six basic components with a broader expand from the inside out , that is, situational factors, stakeholder interests, policy choices, outcomes, long-term consequences and a feedback loop. However, neither of the models pays close attention to the respects of employment relationship. John Storey’s (2007) model is worth considering framework in HRM studies. Four key elements are summarized as foundational structure of HRM, that is Beliefs and assumptions, strategic  qualities, critical role of managers and key levers which activate HRM as an essentially tool and techniques for use by practitioners. However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen as reactive rather than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organisations also have difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to t he company. Only in recent years have HR scholars and professionals focused on developing models that can measure the value added by HR. Basic Research Interest of Industrial Relations Colling et al (2010) comment that Academic industrial relations is now outdated’ either the problem of the ‘human factor’ in work have all been solved, or they are better addressed by new approaches such as ‘human resource management’ or ‘organisational behaviour’, however, in the statement by the British Universities Industrial Relations Association (BUIRA), they strongly disagree the claim. During the initiative academic research in IR, predominant focus upon collective institutions and processes which embody trade unions, collective bargaining and strikes are the mainstream scope of IR study. Compared with the origin IR, modern IR emphasized on the experience of work, both individual and collective, and with all sources of the rules that govern the employment relationship. Therefore, IR was widely regarded as having two major subdivisions within it. The first dealt with the management of labour, the second with collective bargaining and methods of workforce governance (Russell Sage Foundation, 1919). By many accounts, industrial relations today is in crisis. In academia, its traditional positions are threatened on one side by the dominance of mainstream economics and organizational behavior, and on the other by postmodernism. The importance of work, however, is stronger than ever, and the lessons of industrial relations remain vital. Comparison and contrast of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations The interrelation between HRM and IR is complicated. In one sense HRM was  considered as a subfield of IR in the early 1960s for majority of scholars, afterwards in prevailing contemporary conception HRM has largely been regarded as a separate subject underlying distinguish perspectives and divergent points of the field. However, HRM and IR do share some commonalities in matters of concern focusing on employment and workplace issues and recognition of the humanness of labour. Moreover, it is common to combine the two academic fields as one integral course named HRM and IR in contemporary university and college teaching. By contrast, John Storey (2007) proposes twenty-five dimensions to differentiate HRM and IR with the same key element in Storey’s model (Table 1.1). Furthermore, from the research interest differentials, it can be concluded that HRM largely takes an ‘internal’ perspective on employment problem emphasizing the solution to labour issues, while IR basically has an external view focusing on the workers’ and community’s solutions. The goal and function is not the same between the two fields. HRM’s primary goal is organizational effectiveness and takes a instrumental approach to promoting employee interests; IR’ aim is a combination of organizational effectiveness and employee well-being as well as employee’s interests priorities. HR assumes conflict not inevitable and can be minimized by management; IR sees conflicts as inevitable requiring third-party intervention. HRM and IR are distinguished in various respects with different standpoints and approaches. Generally, IR provides a multi-layer discernment of employment relationships, interconnections between the workplace, the company, the sector, the national regulatory framework in the light of multi-disciplinary approach involving sociology, political science, economics, history and law. Frequently, HRM teaching accepts management’s objectives uncritically, concentrates on activities at company level without exploring the societal and institutional environment, and has its disciplinary basis primarily in psychology and organizational sociology rather than the social sciences more broadly. Despite of the inevitable irreconcilable antagonisms between the two subjects, there is a closely link of HR and IR providing a complementary foundation of the exchange and development of the employment issues. Conclusion The essay discusses the definition of HRM and IR and significant features  in academic fields largely through an historical analysis of the two fields’ respective origins and development. HRM and IR fields are distinguished by numerous differences in their approach to research and practice. However, scholar on both sides have to give greater recognition to the fact that the different assumptions separating HRM and IR are only specialized tools for investigation and do not represent a full or universalistic explanatory model for studying the employment relationship for more explicitly research perspectives. Reference Ackers, P. and Willkinson, A. 2003. Understanding Work and Employment, Oxford University Press Bach, S(ed), 2005, Managing Human Resources, 4th edition, Balckwell Publishing Boxall, P and Purcell, J, 2008, Strategy and HRM, 2nd edition, Palgrave Bruce E.K, 2001,Human resources and industrial relations Commonalities and differences, Human Resource Review, 11(2001) 339-374 BUIRA 2008. What’s the point of Industrial Relations? A statement by the British Universities Industrial Relations Association Colling, T. and Terry, M. 2010. ‘Work , the employment relationship and the field of Industrial Relations’, in Colling, T and Terry, M (eds), Industrial Relations: theory and practice (3rd ed), Chinchester:Wiley, 3-25 Guest, D. (1987) ‘Human resource management and industrial relations’, Journal of Management Studies, 24(5), September: 503-521 Hyman, R. 1975. A Marxist Introduction to Industrial Relations. Basingsotoke: MacMillan. Paul Edwards edit , Industria l Relations Theory & Practice in Britain, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1995 Marchington. M and Wikinson. A, 2005, Human Resource at work, 3th editon, CIPD, London Miller, P. (1987) ‘Strategic industrial relations and human resource management – distinction, definition and recognition’, Journal of Management Studies, 24(4) July:347-361 Sisson, K. (1990) ‘Introducing the Human Resource Management Journal’, Human Resource Management Journal, 1(1):1-11 Strorey, J(ed), 2007, HRM : A critical text. 3rd edition, Routledge Redman, T . Wilkinson. A, 2001, Contemporary Human Resource Management, Financial Times

A Comparison in Anthem

They will be stated in the following paragraphs. There are similarities between Equality 7-2521 and Adam. They were both born with a natural curiosity. The curiosity caused them to do something that was explicitly forbidden. This led Equality 7-2521 to rediscover something that was wiped from human memory for a great length of time as stated on page 52: â€Å"We, Equality 7-2521, have discovered a new power of nature. And  we have discovered it alone, and we alone are to know it. † (Rand 41)He attempted to share his discovery but was rejected and scorned. Adam’s curiosity led him to eat the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree from the center of the Garden of Eden. This action caused his banishment from the Garden of Eden. What they both committed was considered by the governing authority to be sins. Equality 7-2521 was forced to run away because he dared to have an independent mind. Adam was forced out of Eden because he did not obey God. Also†¦ They were condemned for committing a great â€Å"sin. † The â€Å"sin† was disobeying a godlike authority. Equality and Adam both obtained information that was forbidden by the authority that governed them. Equality obtained forbidden information through secretly studying information on the time before the Great Rebirth, rediscovering electricity and creating a piece of electrical equipment. The World Council banned such actions so when he tried to convince the Council of Scholars, they threatened to report him and destroy his discovery as stated on 72: â€Å"You shall be burned at the stake,† said Democracy 4-6998. â€Å"No, they shall be lashed,† said Unanimity 7-3304, â€Å"till there is  nothing left under the lashes. † And page 74: â€Å"This thing,† they said, â€Å"must be destroyed. †Ã‚  And all the others cried as one: â€Å"It must be destroyed! â€Å"(Rand 41) He was forced to run deep into the uncharted forest where he hid. Adam obtained the forbidden information through eating the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree at the center of Eden. He gained knowledge of many things that were forbidden by God. As a result, he was banished from Eden. The similarities have been stated although†¦ There are also differences between Adam and Equality 7-2521. One is the sin they committed. Equality 7-2521 committed the sin of individual thought. He dared to live, think and love for himself. He also rediscovered electricity by himself, which was considered evil because he didn’t work with the rest of his â€Å"brothers† as stated on page 73: â€Å"So you think that you have found a new power,† said Collective  0-0009. â€Å"Do you think all your brothers think that?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"No,† we answered. â€Å"What is not thought by all men cannot be true,† said Collective   0-0009. â€Å"You have worked on this alone? † asked International 1-5537. â€Å"Yes,† we answered. â€Å"What is not done collectively cannot be good,† said International 1-5537. †(Rand 41)Adam committe d the sin of disobedience. He ate the â€Å"forbidden† fruit when God specifically told him not to. As a result, he was banished from the Garden of Eden. Another difference is how they reacted after they left their residence. When Adam was banished, he did not seek revenge against God. He decided to continue living as normally as possible. Equality 7-2521 on the other hand, decided to start a new society that permits individual thought and makes it his goal to tear down the society he lived in and raze the city he lived in to the ground. In conclusion, Equality 7-2521’s story is some that can be easily compared and contrasted with the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. This essay summarized their similarities and differences. There are many other ways to compare and contrast Adam and Equality 7-2521 that are not written in this essay. They may be in a different one. Works Cited Rand, Ayn. Anthem: Student Edition Toronto: Signet, 1995. A Comparison in Anthem They will be stated in the following paragraphs. There are similarities between Equality 7-2521 and Adam. They were both born with a natural curiosity. The curiosity caused them to do something that was explicitly forbidden. This led Equality 7-2521 to rediscover something that was wiped from human memory for a great length of time as stated on page 52: â€Å"We, Equality 7-2521, have discovered a new power of nature. And  we have discovered it alone, and we alone are to know it. † (Rand 41)He attempted to share his discovery but was rejected and scorned. Adam’s curiosity led him to eat the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree from the center of the Garden of Eden. This action caused his banishment from the Garden of Eden. What they both committed was considered by the governing authority to be sins. Equality 7-2521 was forced to run away because he dared to have an independent mind. Adam was forced out of Eden because he did not obey God. Also†¦ They were condemned for committing a great â€Å"sin. † The â€Å"sin† was disobeying a godlike authority. Equality and Adam both obtained information that was forbidden by the authority that governed them. Equality obtained forbidden information through secretly studying information on the time before the Great Rebirth, rediscovering electricity and creating a piece of electrical equipment. The World Council banned such actions so when he tried to convince the Council of Scholars, they threatened to report him and destroy his discovery as stated on 72: â€Å"You shall be burned at the stake,† said Democracy 4-6998. â€Å"No, they shall be lashed,† said Unanimity 7-3304, â€Å"till there is  nothing left under the lashes. † And page 74: â€Å"This thing,† they said, â€Å"must be destroyed. †Ã‚  And all the others cried as one: â€Å"It must be destroyed! â€Å"(Rand 41) He was forced to run deep into the uncharted forest where he hid. Adam obtained the forbidden information through eating the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree at the center of Eden. He gained knowledge of many things that were forbidden by God. As a result, he was banished from Eden. The similarities have been stated although†¦ There are also differences between Adam and Equality 7-2521. One is the sin they committed. Equality 7-2521 committed the sin of individual thought. He dared to live, think and love for himself. He also rediscovered electricity by himself, which was considered evil because he didn’t work with the rest of his â€Å"brothers† as stated on page 73: â€Å"So you think that you have found a new power,† said Collective  0-0009. â€Å"Do you think all your brothers think that?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"No,† we answered. â€Å"What is not thought by all men cannot be true,† said Collective   0-0009. â€Å"You have worked on this alone? † asked International 1-5537. â€Å"Yes,† we answered. â€Å"What is not done collectively cannot be good,† said International 1-5537. †(Rand 41)Adam committe d the sin of disobedience. He ate the â€Å"forbidden† fruit when God specifically told him not to. As a result, he was banished from the Garden of Eden. Another difference is how they reacted after they left their residence. When Adam was banished, he did not seek revenge against God. He decided to continue living as normally as possible. Equality 7-2521 on the other hand, decided to start a new society that permits individual thought and makes it his goal to tear down the society he lived in and raze the city he lived in to the ground. In conclusion, Equality 7-2521’s story is some that can be easily compared and contrasted with the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. This essay summarized their similarities and differences. There are many other ways to compare and contrast Adam and Equality 7-2521 that are not written in this essay. They may be in a different one. Works Cited Rand, Ayn. Anthem: Student Edition Toronto: Signet, 1995.

Investigation Tourism Marketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigation Tourism Marketing Report - Essay Example In 1976, the Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes."2 some components such as hotel room or accommodation for their visitors, coach and the variety of meals, even sometimes banking services also provided to the customer from this industry. The main aim of this report is to conduct an audit of the business environment (based on P.E.S.T & Porter's five forces model analysis) on Royal Bengal Airlines and conduct an Opportunity & Threat analysis on the basis of environmental audit and defining its service provided to its consumer and its marketing (partially) area from the country (Bangladesh) perspective. "A collaboration of a group of professionals who shared the same vision decided to be proactive and form RBA in early 2006. The team has evolved quickly and continues to grow from strength to strength. The founding members are UK based and come from a wide range of backgrounds and bring with them vast experiences from the business, academic and aviation world. The visionaries and the founders of RBA have been working towards this project since 1991. Due to various restrictions and limitations in the early nineties it was not possible to move the project forward"3. The growth in the Asian economy, in particular the travel sector within Southeast Asia, has created an opportunity in the market for a new airline. RBA was born as a direct result of this, with the aim of utilizing the potential development of the Asian market and turning this into a profitable and successful airline venture. To analyze the environment of RBA, it's needed to conduct an audit (based on PEST analysis and Fiv e force model analysis). "The simple acronym PEST (stand for political, economical, social and technological) serves well as an aide-memoire when considering the array of environmental forces influencing business activity. Pest analysis assembles a logical and comprehensive picture of the environment"4. By conducting an analysis (PEST) on RBA's environment, it has seen that the organization is in an excellent situation such as the political allaince between both country UK and Bangladesh is good enough to do business. Economic and Technological relation between these countries is higher such as Bangladesh export garments products to UK and Uk export technological product such as machineries, computers and other engineering technologies. As a result company takes economical (in the side of currency sharing) and technological advantage here. The social bond between two countries is higher as there is a cultural sharing and accepting tendency and RBA performing their Corporate Social Responsibility program in B angladesh. Afterbevluation it can be said that the PEST analysis goes in faovor of RBA. The another analysis is "Five Force Model analysis". "The Porter's 5 Forces tool is a simple but powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation. This is useful, because it helps to understand both the strength of your current competitive position, and the strength of a position." Five Forces Analysis assumes that there are five important forces that determine competitive power in a situation. These are thoroughly given below: Supplier Power: It assesses how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the number of suppliers of each key input, the

Respond to the videos, at least 4 pages paper detailing your take Movie Review

Respond to the videos, at least 4 pages paper detailing your take awaysdouble-spaced, 12 point, Times New Roman - Movie Review Example To begin with, it is largely suggested that the United States companies were among the first to point out the necessity to pay attention towards Ethics as well as engage it into the business activities. In other words, it would not be a mistake to suggest that this awareness originated in the West. There was another term mentioned in the video – the insiders. Indeed, insider trading is one of the negative phenomena that are witnessed in the modern business world and poses a great example of unethical behavior. In addition to that, this is a problem that has been largely addressed by the American businesses. What is more important is that the notion of business ethics is often associated with different scandals that appear around it. Indeed, the majority of publications use as examples the situations when companies violated ethical rule. In other words, the public tends to learn about existence of business ethics primarily through news about scandals and not when a company is c arrying out a successful ethical policy. Finally, the message that is sent in the first video can be best explained by the actions of one of the characters. A well dressed man, who is undoubtedly a business man, was unable to provide a comprehensive definition of what business ethics is and preferred to threat the audience with a gun in stead of answering the question. In spite of the fact that this situation is somewhat exaggerated, it shows that some people in the business world find the concept of business ethics extremely inconvenient. The second video is titled Business Ethics in the 21st Century and it focuses on the role this concept plays in the contemporary times. From the very beginning the present argues that some people suggest that business ethics should be regarded as oxymoron which is a combination of world with contradicting meaning. However, if one takes

Monetary Policy in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Mabo Vs Queensland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mabo Vs Queensland - Essay Example As such, the successive governments had made no endeavour to establish a system of national land rights. This undesirable situation was rectified by the Australian High Court, which relied upon its constitutional authority to declare land rights (Keon-Cohen, 2000: 893). The decision in Mabo (No 1) in conjunction with international commitments to racial equality and the just terms protection under the Australian Constitution, and the national bill for compulsory acquisition of native title, engendered new property rights. The Mabo (No 2) decision provided various opportunities to the government to ensure land justice (Keon-Cohen, 2000: 893). However, these opportunities were squandered by the government. A political solution to this issue was made available in the federal, State, and Territory statutory schemes relating to land rights (Keon-Cohen, 2000: 893). However, these schemes have effectively distorted the judgement in Mabo (No 2); and served to distance it from the common law. The extant political solutions for this long standing national issue are irrational, and it is in this depressing environment that the High Court’s judgement proves to be welcome. Moreover, the legislative solutions, in respect of this predicament have proved to be defective; and there are serious administrative lapses in the implementation of the legislative solution (Keon-Cohen, 2000: 893). The scheme provides more opportunities to Crown grantees rather than the indigenous people; and makes no attempt to reconcile the differences between the affected parties. The Mabo decision served to rescind the principle of terra nullius. This doctrine enabled the Crown to appropriate property that was uninhabited. However, this principle was extended by the common law to apply to the lands of the indigenous peoples. This unjust act was sought to be justified by the falsely claiming that the Aboriginals were uncivilised barbarians, and that there was nothing amoral in

Marketing the Visual Arts in the Media Assignment

Marketing the Visual Arts in the Media - Assignment Example The essay is like a wakeup call for promoters of artworks and artists in India. It calls for the need to organize many such conclaves and establish art museums across the country to bring the meaning of art into the public. The importance of establishment of art museums is highlighted by an article written by Mr.Ranvir Shaw (Ranvir Shaw: "For the sake of arts", Magazine Section, The Hindu, Sunday, March 08th, 2009) in a recent news edition of The Hindu (see Appendix # 3). Finally the article concludes by stating the relevance and appropriateness of the conclave. On 20Th of March, 2009 a huge conclave named as "Selvedged Voices: Women's narrative art work textiles from India and Chile" will be launched in Chennai. The main reason behind the conclave is to bring into focus Chilean arpilerras (see Appendix # 4), "Kathwas" (see Appendix # 5), "Sujunis" of Bihari women artists and "Santhal" women artists of India. The exhibition is aimed at attracting connoisseurs of creative and visual art and creating demand for art forms of this sort. Also it is the fond hope of the organizers of the exhibition and the artists of both Chile and India that the exhibition will indeed help in promotion of their art works helping them in earning a decent amount of revenue and provide reasonable exposure for those beautiful art forms. Selvedged Voices" (see Appendix # 6) are beautiful, narrative tapestries and art works which basically portray the life style of people of Kathwas, Sujinis and the Santhals. The reason why these art forms gain such prominence is because they speak about the traditional life styles of tribal people in the aforesaid regions. Soon these traditions and art forms may cease to exist unless preserved and encouraged to survive. One of the participants in the exhibition is an organization called as Kalaraksha. Kalaraksha's lovely paintings present topics which are a true connoisseur's delight. They bring to life concepts such as preservation of water by the tribal people, devastation caused by a violent earth quake. Done in soft and vibrant pinks and lilacs these panels speak of the touch of tribal art sense, ability and creative skills. Similarly another organization from West Bengal is exhibiting beautiful and elegant Kantha embroidery narrative sketch panels, known for their use of lace work, color sense dexterous use of beads and velvet. These panels are known for pictures of tales from epics such as Ramayana or Mahabharata. Finally the essay concludes by looking at the possibility of the exhibition to achieve its objectives. The Need for the exhibition: "Selvedged Voices", the exhibition is being sponsored by the ministry of culture by the Government of India and curated by Dr.Skye Morrison, an internationally acclaimed authority on Santhal and Sujuni art forms. Santhal art forms of Bihar and Sujuni art works of Jharkhand are desperately in need of encouragement. These art works belong to the lower and weaker

National Impacts on Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Impacts on Investment - Essay Example The amount of global trade has been rising during the past decades. China has become the top exporter of goods worldwide. The United States is the second largest exporter and the top importer of goods (Latimes, 2011). The U.S. has become a knowledge based economy in which the service industry accounts for 80% of the employment. A positive sign is that the United States has capitalized on its service industry to become to top exporter of services worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of international investment decisions. There are many tough decisions that multinational companies must make prior to penetrating a foreign location. Companies have to study the culture, economy, environmental and social landscape of a country. Take for example the hamburger chain Burger King. The company should beware before investing in India due to the fact the cow is considered a sacred animal in this country. A traditional Burger King franchise that sells broiled beef hamburge rs is bound to fail in such a marketplace. Americans companies should beware before investing in the Middle East due to the resentment in that region towards American culture. The area is also a major security risk since the region is a safe haven for multiple terrorist organizations. The economic condition of a region influence whether a company invests there or not. A country that would be a bad investment location for any American company is Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is suffering from one of the worst cases of hyperinflation ever seen and the country has the highest unemployment rate in the world at 95%. Investing in such a country that is going through social and economic chaos is not a wise idea. The Sub-Saharan African region unfortunately is also a bad place to invest due to a lack of basic water, transportation and electrical infrastructure. People in Africa use 85% less water than Americans due to a lack of availability of the precious liquid. A country that has one of the fastest growing economies in the world is the People’s Republic of China. China has a growing middle class that is anxious to spend money in consumer goods to improve their quality of life. China is the most densely populated country in the world is a population of 1.33 billion inhabitants. The gross domestic product per capita of China reached $7,600 in 2010 (CultureGrams, 2011). The people of China are becoming more liberal and more eager to spend money in comparison with the past. A variable that impact the investment decisions of multinational corporations is the stability of the currency in the target countries. The currencies of the world are traded everyday in the foreign exchange markets. The value of the U.S. dollar fluctuates in value in comparison with other currencies. Multinational corporations must choose to locate in countries that have stable currencies. For instance the Dominican Peso has historically depreciated a lot in value. On the other hand the Sterling Pound used in the United Kingdom has a history of holding its value. The environment is another factor to consider when making investment decisions. It is not wise to invest in a country that has a high propensity for natural disasters. The environmental laws are another variable to consider. Companies should establish a presence in countries that have environmental laws to protect the earth’s natural resources. Sometimes unscrupulous CEOs look for countries with lax environmental laws

Literature on HSBC Essay Example for Free

Literature on HSBC Essay Legacy HSBC Group. HSBC Bank is a key component of the HSBC group which was specifically established for trading with India and China in the hey days of the British Raj in 1865, after a necessity for the same was felt by Thomas Sutherland who identified that Hong Kong lacked local banking facilities. The bank has been primarily dominant in the Asia Pacific region and has pioneered modern banking facilities in these areas. It is now seen to take up its earlier mantle and is creating a new wave of modernised banking in the emerging economies of East and South East Asia. Based in London and with operations around the world, HSBC Holdings plc is reported to be the biggest bank and financial services banking company in the World with operations around the World in 9,500 offices and presence in 80 countries across the globe. Its share holders are said to be spread in 100 countries. HSBC Personal Banking. HSBC has a number of progressive personal banking schemes as it calls itself the Worlds local bank. (Express Banking, 2006). Some of the initiatives it has are schemes such as express banking which is designed to save time. This includes paying a bill online, thereby encouraging internet banking, use of cash machines and mobile phone top ups. (Express Banking, 2006). The bank is also extensively offering gifts for such schemes to include attractive offers as a 42 inch Phillips Plasma television for using its cash machines. (Express Banking, 2006). Its personal insurance services are similarly attempting to induce customers to go online. Thus a 10 percent discount is offered when a person buys on line car insurance. The no claims discount limit has also been raised to 70 % and there is a monthly installment option which has also been included. (Car, 2006). It has also services which can be availed by customers by providing prior intimation of their renewal dates to the bank and once again are provided attractive prizes for the same. The mortgage services offered by HSBC are also very innovative and provide not just for a loan but complete services such as mortgage offers, choices for repayments, varied interest rate option and tailoring these to the prices. (Mortgage, 2006). There are separate services on offer to first time buyers who can also remortgage as well as use the home to borrow more. Similarly the home insurance features also offer very heavy discounts for switching to HSBC Home Insurance, promise to settle claims over the phone without completion of forms and provide for replacements. HSBC Business Banking. HSBC business banking facilities are also unique. It has 12 months free banking facility extended to a current account holder which provides for borrowing at fixed rates large sums up to ?25,000. The service also includes foreign exchange rates for foreign currency payments for HSBC net customers, provides for management of trading in China and a commercial card enables a 56 days interest free credit. Banking for business is carried out through the commercial centres which provide multiple facilities to customers. For business there are other factilities that are being provided such as business internet banking as well as HSBCnet which provides larger companies with a complete range of services on the internet including invoice finance. There are a wide range of business insurance packages that have been made available by the bank, to include virtually all the possible contingencies for which insurance is required by business such as small business for turnover less than ? 1 million or less than 10 employees, commercial packaged insurance, customer packaged insurance, business car insurance and keyman insurance for prinicpals. The insurance package also covers share holders and partners, professional indemnity and trade credit. (Insurance, 2006). International Business Banking. The international services provided by the Bank include import and export bills clearance, guarantees and documentary credit. The Bank also provides many other forms of assistance to businesses to include opening of a business overseas. (International, 2006). The debit and credit card processing facilities include acceptance of debit and credit card at the place of work, over the internet, by mail order, fax or even on telephone. The finance and loans services being provided to the business by HSBC includes flexible overdraft, cash against invoices, protection against bad debts, small business loans at fixed interest rates upto ? 25000, flexible loans, financing of commercial properties, equipment, mortgages, vehicles and so on. Business managers are also provided with cash flow management services and fixed bond rates on high interest Deposit Bonds over ? 5,000. HSBCnet is an advanced service provided for businesses which enable these to carry out futuristic online banking. This is considered ideal for small businesses who do not want to invest in an internal financial management organisation. Thus it provides tools such as cash management, reporting and trading along with analytics and research. (hsbcnet, 2006). The customers are continually provided high quality services on HSBCnet such as management of foreign currency transactions as easy as domestic transaction, payments and account transfers at par with operations of a domestic account. The basic advantage provided is that a customer does not have to change his platform to access different types of services. Chapter 4 Findings Findings are derived from qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data analysis is meant to calculate correlations between variables. The intention is to find relations among the variables. Correlation is a measure of the degree of linear relationship between two variables. A positive correlation occurs when both variables either increase or decrease. Negative correlation occurs, when one variable increases and the other decreases. The detailed findings of the primary and secondary research carried out based on qualitative and quantitative collation are as per succeeding paragraphs.

Strategies for Operations Strategy

Strategies for Operations Strategy DEFINITION OF STRATEGY: The pattern of most important objectives, goals and purposes and the fundamentals, plans, policies and philosophies for achieving those goals, that are declared in such a way as to define what business the firm is engaged in, and what kind of organization it is or would like to be. OPERATION MANAGEMENT: Operations management is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labors and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and services). OPERATION STRATEGY: There are two types of operations strategy: They have a particular essence, a blend or fusion of building blocks that give each a unique composition customized to the embeddedness of the situation; and These various operations strategies have a number of tactical factors or contingency issues that influence the deployment of the strategy and also act as management levers to enhance its competitive ability. The operations strategy cannot be designed in a vacuum. It must be linked to the customers and other parts of the enterprise and the supply network.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Alan Rushton and John Oxley 1989) The operations strategy has an important role in coordinating the operational goals to those of the organization. However, the objectives will change over time; hence the need for the operations strategy to anticipate future needs. In this way it acts as a portfolio that can adopt to the changing product and the service combination needs of the final customer. SUCCESS FOR OPERATION STRATEGY: The keys to competitive success for the operations strategy lie in: To know the requirement of markets Identifying the priority choices Understanding the consequences of each choice Appreciating the various trade-offs TECHNOLOGY: Technology is the survival of the fittest. Know a days every firm is trying to get new environment which is surrounded by vast eruptions of not only nuclear power but also technological power as well. Globalization has led Managers to become more fully equip and face their competitors fiercely with strong and analytical based marketing strategies. The number of world-class competitors is increasing at an alarmingly rate and to gain the upper edge a firm has to develop an internal system so strong that it can leave its competitors far behind in the race and earn the loyalty of not only its existing customers but also take over the new market successfully. In order to penetrate into the market successfully organizations are realizing that strong engineering, design, and manufacturing functions are necessary. So where it all did began that organizations began to realize the customer needs and fulfill them according to their demand. No longer was the customer dumb but the integral force behind an organizations position in the market, the organization soon learnt to cater to its needs and specifications, designing and engineering customer specific goods available within time and at cost effective prices. It was in the early 1980s that demand for new products escalated and manufacturing organizations soon realized that in order to meet the ever changing customer needs they need to become flexible and responsive in modifying existing products and processes. As manufacturing capabilities improved in the 1990s, managers realized that materials and service inputs from suppliers had a major impact on their organizations ability to meet customer needs. This led to an increase focus in the supply base and the organizations sourcing strategy. Managers also realized that producing a quality product was not enough. Getting the products to customers when, where, how, and in the quantity that they want, in a cost-effective manner, constituted an entirely new type of challenge. More recently the era of the â€Å"Logistics Renaissance† was also born, spawning a whole set of time-reducing information technologies and logistics networks aimed at meeting these challenges. As a result of these changes, organizations now find that it is no longer enough to manage their organizations. They must also be involved in the management of the network of all upstream firms that provide inputs (directly or indirectly), as well as the network of downstream firms responsible for delivery and after-market service of product to the end customer. From this realization emerged the concept of the â€Å"supply chain management†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Stephens 1992) Supply chain management is the back-bone of operations management without it the flow of products from producer to customer would in fact collapse. To better understand the operations management and how strategies are applied to it to get the competitive advantage over other firms let us take an example of FedEx Business Logistics Services and Laura Ashley EXAMPLE OF FEDEX BUSINESS LOGISTICS SERVICES   LAURA ASHLEY: The United Kingdom-based garment and home furnishing company Laura Ashley had severe financial problems in the early 1990s. The company had grown rapidly since Bernard and Laura Ashley started production in 1953 of hand-printed scarves, and by 1990 Laura Ashley employed more than 8000 people and owned or leased about 550 retail shops in 27 countries. The company also supplied a number of franchise shops in other countries. Total sales in 1990/1991 were about GBP 325 million, more than 40% of which came from North America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Stephens 1992) Poor logistics performance was recognized as a major cause of the above-mentioned financial difficulties. Laura Ashley had serious problems in servicing its customers worldwide. The company could not get products from distribution centres to stores quickly enough to avoid stocking out on major items. Laura Ashley had seven distribution centers around the world, but they were largely unconnected by management information systems. Overall stock availability was only about 80%, although inventory costs were high. The transport system was inefficient and spread over eight principle carriers. In 1992, Laura Ashley decided to hand over the global logistics functions to Federal Expresss newly formed business logistics division. The two companies signed a 10-year contract. All in-house logistics operations were transferred to Business Logistics. The 300 Laura Ashley employees from distribution centres and distribution all become employees of Business Logistics. Laura Ashleys distribution centre in Newton, Wales, was transferred to Business Logistics, and the remaining six centres were closed. The higher efficiency of a single-hub distribution system more than offset the extra transport costs. The new contract targets a 10% reduction of distribution costs in the first year. Beyond cost savings, the new system will be more reliable, with frequent store deliveries. The target is to be to supply shops anywhere in the world within 24 or 48 hours, depending on location. A further advantage is access from the individual stores to Business Logistics on-line information system, which provides data on which products are in stock, expected dates for receipt of out-of-stock items and the location of all items in-transit. The partnership with Business Logistics has enabled Laura Ashley to re-launch its catalog mail order business. CAPACITY Maximum output or producing ability operating at capacity Capacity of service firms is constrained by Time Labor Equipment Facilities Four ways to manage constrained capacity Amount of capacity needed The timing of changes Need to maintain balance throughout the system Flexibility of facility and workforce Capacityuse existing resources more efficiently Extend hours of operation Staff work more efficiently during peak times Reduce service levels or offer smaller range of options during peak times Improve customer service Vary capacity to meet demand adjust the firms resources to match demand What could be done during peak periods? i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  use part-time/casual employees ii.  Ã‚  share or rent extra facilities or equipment iii.  Ã‚  cross-train (multi-skill) employees iv.  Ã‚  outsource some functions i.e. reservations (Robert B. Hanfield Ernest L. Nichols) What could be done during off-peak periods? Schedule down-time Reduce staff numbers LOCATION: The marking out of the boundarier, oridentifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in anentry, plan, map, etc. The location of facilities involves a commitment of resources to a long-term plan. Once the size, number, and location of these are determined, so are the possible paths by which product flows through to the final customer. These decisions are of great significance to a firm since they represent the basic strategy for accessing customer markets, and will have a considerable impact on revenue, cost, and level of service. Every firm/business looks for location that will help them to expand their markets. Location decision represents a key part strategic planning process of virtually every organization. Need for Location Decisions Marketing Strategy Basic Cost of a Business Expand of business Depletion of Resources Nature of Location Decisions Importance of strategic Entail a Long term commitment/costs Impact on investments, revenues, and Operations Supply chains Goals/objectives Profit potential No single location may be better than others Make right decision to choose perfect location More Options Expand existing facilities Addition of new facilities Shifting Objectives of Location Decisions Decide on the criteria Identify the important factors(location of markets or Raw materials) Develop location alternatives Evaluate the alternatives Make selection Trends in Locations Foreign producers locating in U.S. â€Å"Made in USA† Currency fluctuations Just-in-time manufacturing techniques Micro factories Information Technology EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS COMPANIES: Let us consider some examples of various companies which have taken location under account in order to grow Nike and Reebok, the two largest athletic footwear companies, look to contractors in Asia to manufacture their shoes. Sourcing from Asia offers advantages of low cost and flexibility, When FedEx opened its Asian Hub in Subic Bay, Philippines, in the 1990s it set the stage for its new â€Å"round-the-world† flights linking its Memphis and Paris package hubs to Asia. When Mercedes announced its plan to build its first major overseas plant in Vance, Alabama, it completed a year of competition among 170 sites amongst 30 states and two countries. When Hard Rock Cafà © opened in Moscow in late 2002, it ended three years of advanced preparation of a Russian food supply chain. PROCESS: Hammer and chamhys defines process as a collection of activities thats takes one or more kinds of input which generate an output that is of value to the customer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Hammer chamhys 1993) The various kinds of business process are: Supporting processes:- this include IT support, recruitment, Accounting. Operational processes:- operational processes are manufacturing, purchasing, sales, marketing. Core process:- Add direct value to the customer in term of products or services, Corporate Governance: one can define corporate governance as the culture of company which includes rules, policies, and customs. They also manitain relationship with management board of director, shareholder and stakeholder (Employees, bank, supplier, customer etc). Strategic Management: strategic mangement provides overall directions of an organisation. The aims and objectives, developing polices and plans to achieve these objectives. This Managemrial top level actitvity is usually performed by CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and the exclusive team. LAYOUT: In operations management strategy there are four types of Layouts: Facility Layout and Basic Formats Process-oriented Layout Layout Planning Service Layout Facility layout Facility layout can be defined as the process by which the placement of departments, workgroups within departments, workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a facility are determined. Process-Oriented Layout Design places departments with large flows of material or people together Dept. areas have similar processes Used with process-focused processes Product-Oriented Layout Facility organized around product Design minimizes line imbalance Types: Fabrication line; assembly line Retail Service Layout Goalmaximize net profit per square foot of floor space. Services capes EXAMPLES: Examples of companies who have employed layout strategies In 1995, Toshiba was the market leader in portable computer sales worldwide. The company used layout strategy in its Ome factory in Japan. Total Quality Management(TQM) Definition â€Å"TQM is a complete re-organizing of the work process and the workplace by application of principles of â€Å"teamwork and work â€Å"teams† that are supposed to involve the worker and give them greater control in their work.† Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardizations ISO 9000series. TQM can be applied to any type of organization; it originated in the manufacturing sector and has since been adapted for use in almost every type of organization imaginable, including schools, highway maintenance, hotel management, and churches. As a current focus ofe-business, TQM is based on quality management from the customers point of view. Business Process Outsourcing Business process outsourcing (BPO) is the act of giving a third-party the responsibility of running what would otherwise be an internal system or service. For instance, an insurance company might outsource their claims processing program or a bank might outsource their loan processing system. Other common examples of BPO are call centers and payroll outsourcing. Typically, companies that are looking at business process outsourcing are hoping to achieve cost savings by handing the work to a third-party that can take advantage of economies of scale by doing the same work for many companies. Or perhaps the cost savings can be achieved because labor costs are lower due to different costs of living in different countries. In exchange for the potential cost savings, the company in question must relinquish control over an aspect of their business which explains why business process outsourcing is often reserved for non-critical, non-core type of work. REFERENCES: Philip B. Schary and Tage Skjott-Larsen, Managing the global supply chain management, Munksgaard International Publishers Limited (pages 16, 24 and 38) Alan Rushton and John Oxley, Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management, 1st published in 1989 by Kogan Page Ltd (pgs 74-76) Ronald H. Ballou, 3rd edition Business Logistics Management, Prentice hall (pages 44, 56 and 171) Robert B. Hanfield Ernest L. Nichols, JR. Introduction to Supply Chain Management (pgs9-22, 45-56) William J.Stevenson 9th edition Operation Management(International student edition with global readings)(pgs361-367,227-229) http://www.netmba.com/operations/project/cpm/ http://www.ganttchart.com/Ganttwith%20DependenciesExample.html BIBLIOGRAPHY: Philip B. Schary and Tage Skjott-Larsen, Managing the global supply chain management, Munksgaard International Publishers Limited (pages 16, 24 and 38) Alan Rushton and John Oxley, Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management, 1st published in 1989 by Kogan Page Ltd (pgs 74-76) Ronald H. Ballou, 3rd edition Business Logistics Management, Prentice hall (pages 44, 56 and 171) Robert B. Hanfield Ernest L. Nichols, JR. Introduction to Supply Chain Management (pgs9-22, 45-56) http://www.netmba.com/operations/project/cpm/ http://www.ganttchart.com/Ganttwith%20DependenciesExample.html Heinrich, Claus E. Adapt or die: transforming your supply chain into an adaptive business network. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley Sons; 2003. Fredendall, Lawrence D. Basics of supply chain management. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press; 2001 Hugos, Michael. Essentials of supply chain management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons; 2003 David Simchi Levi, Philip kaminsky, and Edith Simchi Levi. Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies, and Case Studies. Irwin McGrawHill, 2000. Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindel. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 :: United States History Work Safety Essays

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 275 girls started to collect their belongings as they were leaving work at 4:45 PM on Saturday. Within twenty minutes some of girls' charred bodies were lined up along the East Side of Greene Street. Those girls who flung themselves from the ninth floor were merely covered with tarpaulins where they hit the concrete. The Bellevue morgue was overrun with bodies and a makeshift morgue was set up on the adjoining pier on the East River. Hundred's of parents and family members came to identify their lost loved ones. 146 employees of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company were dead the night of March 25, 1911. The horror of their deaths led to numerous changes in occupational safety standards that currently ensure the safety of workers today. At the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use them. Most of the doors were locked and those that were not locked only opened inwards and were effectively held shut by the onrush of workers escaping the fire. As the clothing materials feed the fire workers tried to escape anyway they could. 25 passengers flung themselves down the elevator shaft trying to escape the fire. Their bodies rained blood and coins down onto the employees who made it into the elevator cars. Engine Company 72 and 33 were the first on the scene. To add to the already bleak situation the water streams from their hoses could only reach the 7th floor. Their ladders could only reach between the 6th and 7th floor. 19 bodies were found charred against the locked doors. 25 bodies were found huddled in a cloakroom. These deaths, although horrible, was not what changed the feelings toward government regula tion. Upon finding that they could not use the doors to escape and the fire burning at their clothes and hair, the girls of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, aged mostly between 13 and 23 years of age, jumped 9 stories to their death. One after another the girls jumped to their deaths on the concrete over one hundred of feet below. Sometimes the girls jumped three and four at a time. On lookers watched in horror as body after body fell to the earth. "Thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead.

The National Education Technology Plan :: Essays Papers

The National Education Technology Plan As years have passed, technology has improved in many areas. So many new technologies have developed to help benefit our nation. With these new technologies, we have found it easier to accomplish simple every day tasks. It’s believed that computers are the future, and that sooner or later, all jobs will require some sort of knowledge with computers. Many individuals are going back to college to receive more education on computers and on programs. This may be required for some businesses. But some people today seem to be quite computer illiterate. How would we change this problem? One idea is to develop a nation wide plan into our school system that involves interaction of students and teachers with the new technologies in the classrooms. The National Education Technology Plan has been the solution to schools across America. In 1996, the plan was developed with many hopes and expectations in mind for the future of education and technology (Air.org). This plan was originally referred to â€Å"Getting America's Students Ready for the 21st Century† (Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers). Its’ main purpose was to increase the student’s academic achievements. The idea was to have students not only improve themselves overall but by doing so, they would become familiar with technology. Students as well as teachers would have the opportunity to learn more about technology (ISTE NETS). In order for teachers to help the students along the way, the teachers would be given lessons to improve their skills (Ed.gov). After the teacher felt he/she became familiar with the use of technology, they would then be able to use it as an â€Å"instructional tool† in the classroom (National edtechplan.org). Students would also have the opportunity to be connected to the Internet in all their classrooms. Having students involved with the Internet and computers could only lead to future benefits for them (Education World). The plan has been revised three times now. To improve it, the U.S. Department of Education is looking to the general public to make possible changes or to make any suggestions they feel appropriate (Whelan, Debra).

Europeans and the EURO :: essays papers

Europeans and the EURO - A New Era Monetary Union represents a major step forward in the building of Europe and one of the most ambitious collective projects at the tail-end of this century. All European citizens should be fully aware of the extent of the change taking place, a change which goes far beyond the framework of the financial markets alone. Today’s presentation, which is aimed not at the experts but at the future users of the Euro, that is, all of us, offers an excellent opportunity for highlighting the impact of Euro. From the very first day of this year something amazing happened in Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From January 1, these 11 countries have a single currency, the Euro. A currency that will be the only one used among the European Union. The first person who had the idea of creating a single currency for his country was the Roman Emperor, Diocletian back in 300 AD. He established a primitive gold standard and set up a coin that was used throughout the realm. After many centuries passed, in 1958 the European Economic Community was formed having as an objective the monetary unification. But the year that the final agreement was signed, was 1992 in the Maastricht Treaty of the European Union, which points to the introduction of a single European currency in 1999. The Euro is the name of the single currency of the European Community. Essentially the Euro is the ECU renamed, since ECU’s will be exchangeable one-for-one for new EUROS. The ECU is currently the basis for the European Monetary System. ECU stands for European Currency Unit, but is pronounced â€Å"EK-you†, after the name of an old French coin with an equivalent spelling. The ECU is defined in terms of pieces of European currencies, making it a composite currency in origination since its creation it has become a currency of denomination for eurobonds and bank certificates of deposits, among many other uses. But some of you will start wondering why do we need the Euro? Well, the answer is obvious. Europe’s economy is now built on a single market and the single market will work much better with a single currency. Just imagine a situation in USA, for example, with every state having its own currency! Total chaos.

All Day Kindergarten Essay

After critically analyzing the current kindergarten scheduling trends, there is a shift in many schools from half-day kindergarten programs towards full day kindergarten programs. A full day kindergarten or all day kindergarten program is a program in which pupils attend school each weekday for approximately six hours. The growing number of all day kindergarten programs can be attributed to a change in the American society and education in general. To be specific the growing number can be attributed to the increase in single parents and dual employment households and finally a general belief that all day programs better prepare children for school. There has been a looming legislation, which is going to give powers to the local, state and federal governments to control standards of education. Kindergarten education is targeted by this piece of legislation because it promotes all day kindergarten programs at the expense of half-day programs. I fully support this piece of legislation that promotes all day kindergarten programs because of the benefits that are inherent with the program. It’s my prayers that the legislation is approved so that our schools can start churning out very competitive graduates. I believe all day kindergarten programs are the best because of the following: †¢ A research conducted in 1990s reported a consistent positive academic outcome for all children enrolled in all day kindergarten programs. A subsequent research also showed that children who attended all day kindergarten programs scored higher points on standardized tests than their half day counter parts. Hough and Bryde found out that there is more individualized instruction in all day programs when compared to half-day programs. Individualized training makes it possible for the teacher to understand each and every need of the pupil and therefore attend to them accordingly. A research carried out by Cryan and his friends found out that there was a positive relationship between participation in full day kindergarten program and later academic success. After comparing similar half day and full day programs in a nationwide study, Cryan found out that full day kindergarteners exhibited more independent learning, classroom involvement, and productivity in work with peers and reflectivity than half-day kindergarteners. †¢ Other researches pointed out that there is a clear relationship between the kind of kindergarten program and the children’s behavior. Teachers rated children in all day kindergarten higher. (Cryan et al, 1992). Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found out those children in all day kindergarten programs were engaged in child-to-child interactions and this had a positive effect in building their learning, communication and social skills. (Elicker & Mathur, 1997). The full day kindergarteners were more likely to approach the teacher; they expressed less anger, shyness, withdrawal and blaming behavior than half-day kindergarteners. †¢ Both teachers and parents whose children were enrolled in all day kindergarten proved that all day programs better prepared children for their first grade. They also indicated preference for all day kindergarten because of the more relaxed atmosphere, more time for creative activities and more opportunity for students to develop their own interests. The teachers also concluded they had more time to know the children and their families thus enabling them to better meet the children’s specific needs. (Elicker & Mathur, 1997) It’s definite that there are more positives in all day kindergarten programs but it’s important to remember that what the children are doing during the day is more important than the length of the day. Experts are warning administrators and parents against full day kindergarten programs that are academically rather than intellectually engaging in tone. Some of the intellectually engaging activities that should be incorporated in all day kindergarten programs include the following: 1. Programs that emphasize language development. 2. Programs that offer balance of small group, big group and individual activities. 3. Programs that asses pupils’ progress through close teacher observation and examination of pupils’ work. 4. Programs that develop children’s social and interpersonal skills including conflict resolution strategies. 5. Programs that involve children in first hand experience and informal interaction with objects, other children and adults. (Rothenberg, 1995) To successfully implement this project, the government should commence creating space and teacher capacity. It should also set aside enough funds to make sure the schools can afford equipment necessary for all day kindergarten programs. References Cryan, J. R. , Sheehan, R. , Wiechel, J. , & Bandy-Hedden, I. G. (1992). Success outcomes of full-day kindergarten: More positive behavior and increased achievement in the years after. Early childhood research quarterly, 7(2), 187-203. EJ 450 525 Elicker, J. , & Mathur, S. (1997). What do they do all day? Comprehensive evaluation of a full-day kindergarten. Early childhood research quarterly, 12(4), 459-480. EJ 563 073. Hough, D. , & Bryde, S. (1996, April). THE EFFECTS OF FULL-DAY KINDERGARTEN ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND AFFECT. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association, New York: ED 395 691.

Introduction of Aeon Essay

Aeon CO. (M) BHD was incorporated on 15 September 1984 in response to the Malaysian Government’s invitation to Aeon Japan to help modernise the retailing industries in Malaysia. Nowadays, Aeon CO. (M) BHD is a leading retailer in Malaysia with a total revenue of RM3.26 billion for the financial year ended 31 December 2012 and it is well established among Malaysians as well as foreigners, especially due to its association with the international Aeon Group of Companies. The Aeon Group of Companies consists of Aeon Co., Ltd. and about 200 consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies. Not only focus on its core GMS, supermarkets and convenience store operations, Aeon is also active in specialty store operations and shopping centre development, operations, credit card business and services. Although Aeon Group of Companies is an integrated Japanese retailer, it is active throughout Southeast Asia and China but not just in Japan. As a leading chain of General Merchandise Stores (GMS), Aeon designs a constant interior refurbishment of stores to satisfy the ever changing needs and desires of consumers. The management’s acute understanding of target market needs and the provision of an optimal product-mix has also further enhanced the company’s performance. In order to cater to Malaysia’s vast middle income group, Aeon stores are mostly situated in suburban residential areas. Besides ,Aeon activities are guided by its unchanging ‘Customer First’ philosophy at all the times and it aims to surpass expectations by combining excellent products with unique personal services that enhance the shopping experience to make customers smile whenever they are shopping in Aeon.

Principles of Law Essay

QUESTION Malik runs a restaurant at Taman Desa Kluang, Johor. He ordered from Ah Chong Mini Market 50 bags of Pakistani basmati rice at RM40 per bag and 200 packets of sugar at RM2.20 per packet. It was expressly agreed between the parties that Ah Chong must pack the sugar in boxes containing 20 packets each. However, when Ah Chong delivered the goods to Malik’s restaurant, it was found that the sugar was packed in boxes containing 30 packets each. The basmati rice that was supplied was found to be from India not Pakistan. Malik wishes to reject the goods. Advise Malik. Problematic Issue Whether Malik can take legal action against Ah Chong for breach of implied condition by description. Principles of Law Section 2 of SGA â€Å"Every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money, and includes stocks and shares, growing crops, grass and thing attached to or forming part of land which are agreed to be severed for sale or under the contract of sale† Section 15 of SGA If the contract is for the sales of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods must correspond with the description. Case: Moore & Co v Launder Facts: Contract for 3,100 cases of canned fruit packed 30 tins to a case. But half of the cases contained only 24 tins although the total quantity was met. Held: the goods not correspond with contractual description.The buyers entitled to reject the goods. Case: Nagurdas Purshotumdas v Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Previous contract- sale of flour which had been sold in bags bearing a well-known trade mark. Subsequent contract- flour ordered ‘the same as our  previous contract’. Seller supplied flour of the same quality but did not bear the same well-known trade mark. Held: there was a breach of condition as the goods did not correspond with the description. Application According to Section 2 of SGA, basmati rice and sugar are movable property. According to Section 15 of SGA, the basmati rice and sugar supplied by Ah Chong must correspond with the description stated by Malik. According to the case of Moore & Co v Launder, Malik ordered from Ah Chong to delivered 200 packets of sugar and pack the sugar in boxes containing 20 packets each but Ah Chong pack the sugar in boxes containing 30 packets each. According to the case of Nagurdas Purshotumdas v Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, Malik ordered Ah Chong to delivered basmati rice from Pakistan but Ah Chong supplied basmati rice from India not Pakistan. Conclusion Malik ordered from Ah Chong to delivered 200 packets of sugar and pack the sugar in boxes containing 20 packets each but Ah Chong pack the sugar in boxes containing 30 packets each. Malik also ordered Ah Chong to delivered basmati rice from Pakistan but Ah Chong supplied basmati rice from India not Pakistan.Therefore, Malik can take legal action against Ah Chong for breach of implied condition by description. Malik also can repudiate the contract or reject the goods. QUESTION Discuss the differences between conditions and warranties in a contract of sale of goods. CONDITIONS Section 12(2) of SGA-Definition of Condition Condition is a stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract. Breach of Condition Contract can be repudiated, goods can be rejected. Exceptions (Situations where the innocent party cannot repudiate the contract) Section 13 of SGA – Where the buyers waives the condition. – Where the buyers elects to treat the breach of condition as a breach of warranty. – Where the contract is NOT severable and the buyer has accepted the goods. – Where the contract is specific goods the property in goods or ownership has passed to the buyer. WARRANTIES Section 12(3) of SGA-Definition of Warranty Warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract. Breach of Warranty Can only claim damages but cannot reject goods or repudiate the contract.

Oil Crisis of 1973-1974: A Brief History with Documents Essay

During the fall of shah, massive crisis occurred especially in the oil resources, and the United States was not able to foresee such crisis. It is a well known fact that Iran served as one of the top most provider of world’s oil, and even Saudi Arabia proclaimed the initiation of Iran’s oil production. For the record, it is Iran who has been supplying the global oil requirement for at 5 to 7 percent . However, with such dependence on major oil suppliers, such as Iran, the dependency of oil companies, suppliers and consumers was turned down by the shortage and crises that occurred during 1970s. During this moment, the economic stability of oil supplies was shaken by the shortage; hence, different oil companies, suppliers and consumers stock up fearing that the oil costs might increase . During the two consecutive price shocks for oil products in 1970s, primarily, it was caused by the extensive decrease of oil supply in the market. The price increase even surged up to twenty fold compared to previous prices from 1960s . During this year, a considerable market panic occurred, which significantly marked the economic history of oil supplies. Hence, this even was termed as the Oil Crisis of 1973-1974 . Between hoarding and speculative buying, oil prices went up throughout 1979 and into 1980s. Iraq’s plot of invading Iran had significantly altered the oil supply present in the country during that time. lran War kept Iranian oil off the market and caused a 70 percent cutback in Iraqi oil exports as well . In this study, the primary issues to be covered are the events that occurred during the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974 wherein the oil crisis settled in and caused an economic turmoil on oil stocks. The study provides more emphasis on the effects of war in oil crisis, the oil crisis causing the economic panic, and the shortage causing market and civilian anxiety over price hikes of commodities. Discussion As the 1973 – 1974 oil crisis settled in the international world market, oil company profits surged upward during the new crisis and their critics cried foul. Various debates and conducted studies had been initiated during that point with the aims of determining the primary suspect for the cause of oil shortage; however, only contributory factors were obtained, but there were no exact data to pinpoint the cause of the oil crisis . To give an idea in terms of the oil price hike during this period, during 1960s, the barrel of crude oil cost only about US $2 per barrel. However, by the time the oil crisis struck the market in 1973 and 1974, the per barrel cost even reached up to U.  S $10, which is approximately 5 fold increase from 1960s . The reason for this development was that the resource countries claimed the property rights to the crude oil reserves in their soil. Due to the extensive shortage of oil production in the country, oil companies, most especially those supplying international market and small to large scale oil companies, were cut oil from their supply sources. Because of these, the shortage on oil supplies emerged rapidly and greatly and the price hike continued to surge in unexpected amounts. Added in these issues, the oil companies, particularly the internationally scoped firms, had to add the shouldered royalty . Even with the extended period of cooperation with Saudi Arabia, the conflicts in the Middle East, such as the Iran-Iraq war, and British conflict with gulf countries, had all contributed to the decline and shortage of oil production. The oil crisis dramatically changed the United States’ perspective among the countries in the Gulf region. During the manifestation of the crisis, the United States even had to pay an incredibly high toll, more than the European toll. Hence, the United States studied the policies on oil flow and therefore prioritized the determining of the hostile disruption on oil flow, then counters such predicament to solve the crisis on oil shortage . After the issues on oil shortage eased, the number of different companies who have been speculating on the reigning shortage of oil did not fade away. Suspicion among industrial firms and companies still rose and the conspiratorial perspective of oil industries and establishments were all firmly established. In addition, around 1960s, American confidence in business associations and political sectors had been declining due to the perceived incompetencies of these sectors to manage the crisis on oil . The effect of the oil shortage in the countries had caused tremendous economic panic in both public and private sectors. The introduction of new priced oil stocks with a very high price gap from 1960s had caused massive decline in capital, which in the end caused the decline in production, employment and growth. In addition, during the same period, the initiation of oil redistribution of real income in favor of the oil-producing nations took place. Due to the world wide shortage on oil reserves, industrialized nations had to give away export oil products in order to compensate the need of world market; hence, the value of appropriate trade further deteriorated . After the first crisis on 1973 and 1974, another came in on January 1979; however, majority of the public was not able to notice the initial effects of the second crisis. Moreover, it was only in March 1979 when the public began to feel the impacts of the second strike of the crises; although, this one accounts less disturbing compared to the initial strike of shortage . Conclusion In the conclusion of the study, the origin of the oil crisis from 1973 to 1974 was relatively indefinite, yet there were speculations on how the crisis became worst. Some of the issues that contributed to the increasing prices of oil were the Iran-Iraq war, the British arguments with Saudi Arabia, and the shortage of oil supply. The effect of these incidence caused tremendous price hike on all oil commodities, which initiated market panic and hoarding among oil suppliers and small to large scale companies. The second wave of oil shortage followed; however, it was not deemed as heavy as the 1973-1974 incidents.

To what extent do you agree with fischers thesis about the origins of Essay

To what extent do you agree with fischers thesis about the origins of world war 1 - Essay Example While the arguments which connect the First World War to the second are quite plausible and accurate, it seems difficult to ignore other situations which were developing in Europe as a prelude to The Great War. As per the ideas given by Fischer (1967), he suggests that the German elite as well as the Kaiser of Germany had expansionist ideas which could only be satisfied with war. Ever since the social democrats had started showing their muscle in Germany, the elite of the country knew that war would be required to quell their domestic issues as well as further their agenda of expansion (Hart, 1972). Essentially, the thesis presented by Fischer (1967) places the blame for the war on the German rulers who used the assassination of the Archduke as a framing device and a catalyst for making the declaration of war jus ad bellum. There is certainly evidence to support this since documentary evidence which are presented by Fischer shows that some people in power were calling for an expansionist approach and were looking for German domination over its European neighbours. Therefore, instead of foreign influences and political movements of alliances across the continent resulting in the inevitable situation of war, the war was created by Germany and therefore the blame for the First World War much like the Second World War goes to the Germans. Fischer (1967) points out connections which link Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm in the First World War with Germany under the regime of Hitler. The primary connection being the business alliances which benefited from the war in many different ways including the industrial manufacture of weapons of war as well as the economic activity required for keeping up the war effort. The argument presented by Fischer (1967) is an extreme end of the spectrum since it suggests that Germany willed the war upon Europe while the rest of Europe was unwilling to go to war but was dragged into it due to the various treaties that

Foreign Entry Modes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Foreign Entry Modes - Essay Example Foreign Entry modes: Evaluate the use of a Greenfield site compared to an acquisition for entry to a foreign country Hill (2007) contends that FDI takes on two main forms: Greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions. Hill (2007) went further and argue that, in a Greenfield investment, the firm in question establishes a new operation in a foreign country while the later involves acquiring or merging with an existing firm in the country. Acquisition however is usually hostile, because this is usually done against the wish of management (e.g. CEMEX's acquisition of RMC of Britain and Southland in the United States (Hill 2007, Buckley 2004). In the years that follow after the Second World War, trade and investment have become increasingly intertwined. Within the first few decades after the war, most countries from Asia and Africa viewed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with suspicion, and wariness and the flow of FDI towards these areas has been relatively slower (Buckley 2004, Sumelong et al., 2003). To most of these countries, the presence of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) was seen as an impeachment to their national sovereignty. The situation was further aggravated with previous colonial experience and the fact that to some, FDI was a modern form of economic colonialism (Sumulong, Fan & Brooks 2003). According to the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the flow of FDI has substantially changed the international economic landscape. From1980 it has been argued by a handful of researchers (e.g. Hill 2007, Sumelong et al 2003, Buckley 2004, and Reis & Head 2005) that FDI outflow has overtaken the growth of world exports. The expansion in FDI became relatively pronounced during the period 1985-2000, a period characterized with scores of mergers and acquisitions, the Asian financial crises, the oil boom and privatization programs in Latin America (Hill 2007, Sumelong et al., 2003). In the year 2000, FDI outflow stood at $1.4 trillion (Hill 2007, Sumelong et al., 2003). Figure 1 below gives a summary of FDI and export growth between 1980-2000. Sources: Exports: IMF 2003; FDI Outflows: UNCTAD 2002 Having said this, in the remaining part of the paper I will be comparing Greenfield investment to acquisition as an entry mode strategy. The second section of the paper discusses Green field investment, while the last section provides the conclusion and recommendations. 1.1Green Field Site Entry Strategy into a Foreign Country Where a firm chooses to invest through the setting up of new operations in a foreign country often refered to as Greenfield venture. On the other hand, where the company acquires 100% ownership of an existing business to promote it activities is refered to as acquisition (Hill 2007). Ownership advantages resulting from Multinational Enterprise operations MNE can be looked upon from two directions. That is in a situation where full ownership prevails and a situation where ownership is shared with local partners. Tseng Hui-Chuing (2007) argued that MNEs equipped with capabilities to attain assets seeking objectives are more likely to choose an

An uncomfortable event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An uncomfortable event - Essay Example 12). People ignore them and sadly, I was amongst the persons that would rather have ignored these issues instead of that acknowledging that they were a part of the society I called home and in truth, I was in no way a contributor to the solution. They say that experience goes a long way in educating fools and my dawn came much earlier than I anticipated. I pride myself on being a traveler. My family is well off and I have been lucky to come across various opportunities to visit foreign places. In my ventures, I have seen a lot of the beauty that life has to offer. It is only in recent years that I have indeed acknowledged that in as much as I have seen life’s beauty I have kept away from delving deep into its ugliness. I used to be the kind of person who would rather not use a street that is the shortest way to my destination if I would come across scenes of poverty. This would force me to acknowledge that there are those living on the other side of life where even the most basic of needs are hard to come by. Much as I like to travel, I have not been particularly inclined towards the smell of airports. I have asked a number of my friends if they notice that there is always a heavy smell of paper and machinery in airports. I call it the â€Å"smell of technology; thick, musky and nauseating.† Airports always heighten my anxiety. I find that when I am in one I tend to lose my calm demeanor and my heart starts to beat extremely first even if I am not in a rush. I have often thought that this could be because of the realization of incoming change through transition. Maybe it’s because everyone in the vicinity, always seems in a rush or maybe because of the lengthy protocols and official staff demeanor, whatever the case however, airports are my least favorite place. I remember standing in line at the airport for check in. A little girl behind me squeaked with excitement. I could tell from her anxiety and the way she kept looking around, it was her first time

What do you think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What do you think - Essay Example In the United States, political correctness in linguistics is founded on the intention to promote equality for everyone. However this intention has been lost, as I will detail in the following arguments: Our societys over-abidance with political correctness seems to hamper, even reverse the social progress that we have achieved. Our uptightness causes tensions within communities where there need not be any. To encourage politically correct language is to encourage censorship. Trying to hide the truth under the guise of politeness prevents people from getting personal for fear of offending others’ sensibilities. Therefore it does more harm than good. If one chooses to do something that dos more harm than good, it is considered unreasonable or unintelligent. Therefore politically correct language is unreasonable and unintelligent. Politically correct language emphasizes discrimination, rather than lessens it. In some cases it could even become a case of self-fulfilling prophecy, where an otherwise harmless expression, when deemed â€Å"offensive† by the powers that be becomes offensive simply because they say it’s politically incorrect. For example, the children’s rhyme â€Å"eenie meenie miney moe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is considered politically incorrect because it was at one time and in some areas in the United States associated with racist sentiments (â€Å"catch a nigger by his toe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Political correctness supposedly promotes equality for everyone, but in this case, it promotes the discriminative element, rather than just let the phrase lose the â€Å"offensive† meaning. If it does not fulfill the goals that it intends to achieve, it does not make sense to follow it. Therefore politically correct language is pointless. People who try so hard to say the right thing in the name of political correctness they end up just looking foolish. For example, not using the term African-American for black people